Deterrence, Rational and Restorative Justice Theories Essay -- Legal I

This paper will illustrate triple theories intimidation theory, rational choice theory, and restorative legal expert theory. It will outline in detail the policies, and the connections between theory, research, and policy. Deterrence theory tolerate be outlined as principles of certainty, severity, and celerity of punishment, proportionality, specific and general deterrence (Burke, 2009). In order for the punishment to be effective it has to be certain, swift, severe. Certainty is more important than the severity in deterring crime. Deterrence theory confirms that if the punishment contains these three elements people will rationally calculate that there is more to be lost than there is to be gained from crime (Gordon, 2010). Deterrence functions in two ways. commonplace deterrence is the punishment of the offender to be set as an example for others in the society and specific deterrence focuses on repeat offenders to refraining them from the recreate (Burke, 2009). The propo se of general deterrence is to abstain others considering committing the crime. It was argued that when the certainty, severity, and celerity of criminal sanctions are high in a population, criminal behaviour will be low. Studies suggest that bully punishment has been ineffective, other studies show that more homicides occurred when the death penalty was publicized (Pacotti, 2005). Then a comparative research shows that 5 countries with the highest homicide rate do raise the death penalty average 41.6% murders for every 100, 000 people, whereas the five countries that dont impose death penalty is 21.6% for every 100, 000 (Gordon, 2010). Deterrence also has little proceed on domestic cases, drunk driving, and shoplifting. Deterrence is well said in a theory but in reality ... ...ender in certain hazard of a situation. Restorative justice has been used widely, and has some success rate, for those to be held accountable without being sanctioned by repairing the harm or paying re medy will restore harmony within the victim and community to some extent. The program is inconsistent that it will repair harm done to the victim, but some victims are being left emotionally, psychological, and physical strained which will lead to another conflict during victim-offender mediation. Overall, it concludes the idea that some programs can effective and has ties to its theory others can ineffective in deterring, repairing, and restoring crime, as well as low success rate. Furthermore, offenders in many cases dont think rationally before committing the act and crime cant be deterred it doesnt matter if the punishment is harsh or lenient.

Jonathan Kozols Amazing Grace Essay -- Amazing Grace Essays Jo

Jonathan Kozols painful Grace While reading Amazing Grace, iodine is unable to escape the seemingly endless tales of hardship and pain. The setting backside this gripping story is the South Bronx of New York City, with the main focus on the Mott Haven housing project and its surrounding neighborhood. Here black and Hi orthodontic bracesic families testify to cope with the disparity that surrounds them. Mott Haven is a go forth where children must carry in the hallways of the building, because playing outside is to much of a risk. The building is filled with rats and cockroaches in the summer, and lacks heat and decent water in the winter. This picture of the ghetto is not one of hope, but one of fear. Even the hospitals servicing the neighborhoods argon dirty and lack the faculty that is essential for quality basic care. If clean bed sheets are needed the patients must put them on themselves. This book is filled with stories of real people and their struggles. severally st ory, though different in content, has the same basic point, survival. On a tour given by Cliffie ( a 7 year old that Kozol met in the local church) , the reader gets to see the neighborhood through the eyes of a child. Cliffie shows the reader a once green park, that is now dried up and brown with teddy bears hanging from the limbs of tree branches com a children killed from that area. Further down the block, the place where they burn bodies of people is pointed out. It turns out that it was an incinerator for hazardous waste products transported from New York City hospitals. Nope, no bodies just things like the occasional amputated limb, fetal tissue, needles, soiled bedding, and used bandages are piled up until they can be burned. On days that they burn the air is unfathomed and... ...he problems. The problems do not root from one individual nor do they nail at another, they are constantly reoccurring despite the different situations. This method just adds to the tawdriness o f the problems. When you shut the book or go to sleep at dark the problems do not just end, they keep on growing. Kozol leaves his stories without stopping points. He makes no assumptions, nor does he spiel some politically correct rhetoric as to how things could be better. The point is the shock that there is no easy solution. The problems never end. In the conclusion of his book he lists the names of all those who died within the time span it took to complete his book. The only conclusion he offers is a lists of senseless deaths that never ends. workings CitedKozol, Jonathan. Amazing Grace The Lives of Children and the Conscience of a Nation. New York Harper, 1996. Jonathan Kozols Amazing Grace Essay -- Amazing Grace Essays JoJonathan Kozols Amazing Grace While reading Amazing Grace, one is unable to escape the seemingly endless tales of hardship and pain. The setting behind this gripping story is the South Bronx of New York City, with the main focus on the Mott Haven housing project and its surrounding neighborhood. Here black and Hispanic families try to cope with the disparity that surrounds them. Mott Haven is a place where children must place in the hallways of the building, because playing outside is to much of a risk. The building is filled with rats and cockroaches in the summer, and lacks heat and decent water in the winter. This picture of the ghetto is not one of hope, but one of fear. Even the hospitals servicing the neighborhoods are dirty and lack the staff that is needed for quality basic care. If clean bed sheets are needed the patients must put them on themselves. This book is filled with stories of real people and their struggles. Each story, though different in content, has the same basic point, survival. On a tour given by Cliffie ( a 7 year old that Kozol met in the local church) , the reader gets to see the neighborhood through the eyes of a child. Cliffie shows the reader a once green park, that is now drie d up and brown with teddy bears hanging from the limbs of tree branches com a children killed from that area. Further down the block, the place where they burn bodies of people is pointed out. It turns out that it was an incinerator for hazardous waste products transported from New York City hospitals. Nope, no bodies just things like the occasional amputated limb, fetal tissue, needles, soiled bedding, and used bandages are piled up until they can be burned. On days that they burn the air is heavy and... ...he problems. The problems do not root from one individual nor do they stop at another, they are constantly reoccurring despite the different situations. This method just adds to the intensity of the problems. When you shut the book or go to sleep at night the problems do not just end, they keep on growing. Kozol leaves his stories without conclusions. He makes no assumptions, nor does he spiel some politically correct rhetoric as to how things could be better. The point is the shock that there is no easy solution. The problems never end. In the conclusion of his book he lists the names of all those who died within the time span it took to complete his book. The only conclusion he offers is a lists of senseless deaths that never ends. Works CitedKozol, Jonathan. Amazing Grace The Lives of Children and the Conscience of a Nation. New York Harper, 1996.

Hospitality in Homers Odyssey :: Homer Odyssey Essays

Hospitality in Homers Odyssey The first four books of Homers Odyssey depict certain instances of cordial reception which are filled with generosity. One reason for the importance of this hospitality could have been a respect for foreigners, who were completely at the mercy of their hosts, especially when hosts had themselves been foreigners. A covering fire up reason why hospitality may have been important was to see if the guest was disguised as an enemy. In Book 4, Homer tells how Telemakhos and Pallas genus Athene (disguised as Mentor) visited Menelaos in Sparta. When Eteoneus, the Kings aide, asked whether he should welcome the guests, Menelaos replies, before this, Eteoneus, you were never a fool weve both been entertained as guests before we came back home again so unharness the horses bring the strangers to the banquet. (p. 33 Hull translation). This comment illustrates the fact that Menelaos, as host, had had the experience as foreigner before, especially when he wa s at war and had encounters with both friends and foes in distant lands. He empathizes with the position his guests are in, and Telemarkos and Athena were bathed and fed before they were questioned. In book three, Telemarkos and Athena go to visit the wise Nestor in Pylos where they are welcomed and well-cared for. In his wisdom, Nestor recognizes Athena for who she is, and offers up a holocaust to her the following morning (p. 30). In embracing the company of foreigners and showing the proper hospitality, hosts both warded off the fury of gods visiting as disguised guests as is portrayed in the Odyssey, but in reality, it alike may have been a way of making friends of enemies who came to scout the land. The in-depth inquisitions after the guests were fed may have been not only innocent curiousity, but too a way to weed out ill-intentioned visitors. This can be seen in Nestors wise inquiry, Who are you, stranger? Are you recklessly roving the sea as pirates do while staking th eir lives and bringing ills to alien people? (p. 23). Hosts not only had to be prepared to entertain gods, but also protect themselves and their land.

A Comparison of London and Ozymandias :: Poems Poetry Civilization Essays

A Comparison of London and OzymandiasA theme of Mortality lives in both verse forms. In London Blake talksabout the death and suffering of people, and in Ozymandias Shelleytalks about the death of a civilisation.A sense of someone dominating, someone with greater power occurs inboth poems. In London the large have this upper hand against thepoor, in Ozymandias this great leader is said to have this intensityover his enemies and his own people.In Ozymandias Shelley writes about a fallen empire, a civilisationthat must have gone down hill because now on that point is no sign of it. InLondon Blake tells us that the poorer people of this city be goingthrough a bad time, their empire has fallen ilk Ozymandiass empire,but in this case London has not collapsed. Blake writes about howLondon had drifted to a time of poverty and disease.Moods-----The two poems, both give a mental picture of depression and melancholy to thereader. Shelley uses different words to create this effect, whil eBlake writes how everyone is sad and weak.Great arrogance is shown in both poems. In Ozymandias the king showsthat he is arrogant, he describes himself on the pedestal, he talksabout how great and powerful ruler he is. In London the arrogance ofthe church compares to this.In London the rich betray the poor, because they have put their nameon everything. In Ozymandias the sculptor betrays the king when thestatue is being made.Styles------Both poems have phonological techniques like alliteration, rhyme andonomatopoeia. They are both concisely written and although short inlength are packed with layers of meaning and content.Strong modifiers are used throughout both poems, which createstension. thoroughly adjectives also help with imagery give a clear mentalpicture for example when Ozymandiass face is described, with itssneer and frown.Differences-----------Themes------In Ozymandias Shelley writes about an ancient civilisation. The poemis written in past tense. Blake writes about the London he iswitnessing London is written in the present tense.An obvious difference is that Blake writes about a civilisation, whichis in existence while Shelley writes about a civilisation that hasbeen disintegrated.The strength of authority is maintained in London while inOzymandias it has dissipated.Moods-----Ozymandias fills you with mystery about where the traveler came

SHIP OF THE HUNTED: A BLEND OF FACT AND FICTION :: essays research papers

Historical fiction is a type of genre that helps paint a more captivating and colourful picture of the past. It combines fact and fiction as it presents mostly fabricated characters set in a definite period of history. Ship of the Hunted, by Yehuda Elberg, defines this genre as it entwines the lives of a fictional family with historical facts and elements much(prenominal) as life in the capital of Poland ghetto, hiding to survive, and the Brichah movement of Jews out of Poland. History has recorded that over half a million Jews were crowded into the Warsaw ghetto between October and November of 1940. The squalor, starvation, disease, exposure to cold, and the daily shootings claimed the lives of about 5, 000 to 6, 000 Jews each month. In Ship of the Hunted, the Heshl family struggles to survive this trend. Like so many others living in the ghetto, Golda and her son, Yossel, scavenge the blocks, look for any items that can be smuggled out of the ghetto in exchange for food. After h is father and older sister are deported, Yossel is confronted by Golda, who wants him to stop smuggling. This tweet buys food. We have to eat, Mama.Yossel, youre still a child. You know they shoot children for scavengingThey shoot mothers for scavenging, too. (Elberg, 17)This conversation demonstrates the desperate measures taken by the Jews to obtain food. The raids in the ghetto also caused their numbers to dwindle. Daily, thousands of Jews were removed from the ghetto and transported to concentration camps. After surviving one such raid by hiding in a bunker, Golda surfaces to find out about other raid on a hospital. Liquidated, floor by floor. On foot and by stretcher, they had been sent off a man with an incision still unfastened an infant, newly born. (Elberg, 23) These raids led to deportations, which eventually led to extermination. News spread, and those who refused to be led away to death took part in what would be one of the greatest periods in Jewish history. The Warsaw ghetto uprising began on April 19th of 1943, as the surviving inhabitants of the ghetto resisted the German troops and police who had come to deport them. This battle held out for 20 days till the Germans finally overpowered the lightly armed Jews. In the novel, Golda is a witness to the uprising and its end.

SHIP OF THE HUNTED: A BLEND OF FACT AND FICTION :: essays research papers

Historical fiction is a type of genre that helps paint a more captivating and colourful picture of the past. It combines fact and fiction as it presents mostly fabricated characters set in a definite period of history. beam of the Hunted, by Yehuda Elberg, defines this genre as it entwines the lives of a fictional family with historical facts and elements such as life in the Warsaw ghetto, hiding to fail, and the Brichah movement of Jews out of Poland. record has recorded that over half a million Jews were crowded into the Warsaw ghetto between October and November of 1940. The squalor, starvation, disease, exposure to cold, and the daily shootings claimed the lives of about 5, 000 to 6, 000 Jews each month. In Ship of the Hunted, the Heshl family struggles to survive this trend. Like so many others living in the ghetto, Golda and her son, Yossel, scavenge the blocks, looking for any items that can be smuggled out of the ghetto in exchange for food. after his father and older sis ter are deported, Yossel is confronted by Golda, who wants him to stop smuggling. This stuff buys food. We have to eat, Mama.Yossel, youre still a child. You know they shoot children for scavengingThey shoot mothers for scavenging, too. (Elberg, 17)This intercourse demonstrates the desperate measures taken by the Jews to obtain food. The raids in the ghetto also caused their numbers to dwindle. Daily, thousands of Jews were removed from the ghetto and transported to concentration camps. After surviving one such raid by hiding in a bunker, Golda surfaces to find out about another raid on a hospital. Liquidated, floor by floor. On foot and by stretcher, they had been sent off a man with an incision still open an infant, newly born. (Elberg, 23) These raids led to deportations, which eventually led to extermination. News spread, and those who refused to be led away to death took part in what would be one of the greatest periods in Jewish history. The Warsaw ghetto uprising began o n April 19th of 1943, as the surviving inhabitants of the ghetto resisted the German troops and police who had come to deport them. This battle held out for 20 days till the Germans finally overpowered the lightly armed Jews. In the novel, Golda is a aver to the uprising and its end.